Annotated+Bibliography

9.1 (1975): 41-51. //JSTOR//. Web. 5 Oct. 2010. 3586011>. **Information: ** __Author’s Credentials: __ //What authority or qualifications does the author hold?// Joan Rubin is very well educated in linguistics and has a website dedicated to all of her achievements. Through this website, I have found that she has a PhD. in Anthropology, from Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut and a M.A. in Linguistics, from the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor and B.A. in Linguistics (with a minor in ESL), from the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. She has also written several books and articles on different aspects of language, with her most famous work being //National Bilingualism in Paraguay//. She also has a lot of professional experience with working in colleges and universities and she also serves as a consultant for many of the same faculties. Ms. Rubin also has her own professional business, named Joan Rubin Associates that “Provide consultant, workshops, and materials development services to educational, business and government organizations to improve the teaching and learning of second (ESL) and foreign languages as well as training in cross-cultural communication.” She has also done a lot of public speaking and workshops and has been invited to give lectures all around the world. She has also received several honors and commemorative awards and has several grants, scholarships, and fellowships in her honor.
 * ==First Annotation:==
 * Citation: **Rubin, Joan. "What the 'Good Language Learner' Can Teach Us." //TESOL Quarterly//

__Scope and purpose of the work: __ //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.

__Intended audience: __ //Lay person? Expert in the field?// The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**Summary: ** __Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Citation: **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Honigsfeld, A.. "ELL PROGRAMS: Not 'One Size Fits All'. " //Kappa Delta Pi Record// 45.4 (2009): 166-171. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 11 Oct. 2010.
 * ==Second Annotation:==

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Information: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Author’s Credentials: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What authority or qualifications does the author hold?// <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Dr. Andrea Honigsfeld is the Associate Dean in the division of education at Molloy College, in New York. She teaches graduate classes in various topics relating to linguistics. She was an English language teacher for several years in Hungary before she was a teacher at Molloy and also was an ESL teacher in New York City. She received her doctorate from St. John’s University where she researched on individualized instruction based on learning style preferences. She has co-authored one book and co-edited another.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Although this document was taken from a periodical, I do not believe that it is an editorial piece. The author does not show bias in terms of using possessive pronouns like “I.” She does, however, show a bias against having just one ELL program and that makes the piece more like a persuasive essay. It was also very informative, providing much detail about the different types of ELL programs available and by also providing studies to show the effectiveness of each.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I think the intended audience was the general public because the language was not as complicated as some other scholarly articles that I have read. Also, because the piece was more informative, describing the different types of ELL programs, I think the author intended to educate the general public on these different methods and then persuade them that just one method alone is not enough.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is that since all ELL programs have different strengths and weaknesses, an appropriate program based on “what works, for whom, how, when, and why” should be the motivating factor in teaching ELLs. The author does not exactly take a position against any one of the programs, but she does say that they may not be effective and points out many weaknesses. She argues that ELL programs are all different and so are people who have different learning style, so the programs should not be based on general mandates by the school and government, but on what each individual person needs.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author mainly argues that one ELL program alone is not enough or effective and she uses several references to support her argument. She covers 5 different teaching methods in her article, first by describing them and then she compares and contrasts them with each other and the results of her findings in her research.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references, 25 of them, in her essay to support her argument. Most seem to be the results of studies done in different classrooms with different programs. While these effectively support her argument, one must take into account that these studies were done in different classrooms with different children and used different programs. Because there is no constant, the key word when describing her use of evidence is “different,” meaning that the effectiveness of the sources cannot be fully realized because they all hold different factors that could have made the study less effective or more effective depending on the situation, and because those situations are all different, it is not always effective to compare the different findings of the studies. As of right now, I do not have an exact argument formed, so I am using this article informatively, and it did give me good ideas for starting points on arguments by researching the different teaching methods.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The work is well-researched, as proven by her use of 25 reference sources and her arrangement of her essay is logical, as it introduces her topic, describes the different methods, then evaluates the methods, and then concludes. It seems to be well thought out and gives the reader a clear path to follow when reading, which helps the reader make sense of the essay and makes it easier for the reader to understand.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I feel that the topic has been adequately addressed. She talked about each method in detail by defining and sometimes giving examples to show what she means. She talked about actual classes and the results of studies done in schools. She also goes into more detail when comparing and contrasting them, something which I found to be very effective in her essay.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author is definitely not objective and holds a bias against using just one method of teaching ELL students. She argues this point very well in her essay by repeatedly stating that just one method of teaching is not adequate and she further proves this point using evidence taken from different studies and by comparing and contrasting the different methods and her findings on each.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The source was helpful because it gave me a good starting point for my research on different teaching methods because she named quite a few methods. It was also helpful that she defined them and described them in such detail. She also used a lot of sources that might be worthwhile to check out. Also, I know that at a later time I have to take a stance on my topic, so I figure after I do more research, I can either agree or disagree with her findings and use this essay as a comparable source to my own research and stance on ELL education. ||﻿ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Third Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Fourth Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Fifth Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. ||﻿ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Sixth Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Seventh Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Eighth Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. || __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The article is mostly an informative essay on how to measure language aptitude, but I can detect a slight bias in the work, so I think there is an element of a persuasive piece in this article, as well. But the article is mainly an informative piece.
 * ==Nineth Annontation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The intended audience is other members of the same field of study in linguistics. The article was published in //TESOL Quarterly//, a professional journal that allows members in the field of TESOL to report their findings. The article also uses many words specific to the study of language that I’m not sure the everyday person would know the meaning of. I had to look up the meaning of several words, and while I’m sure that I didn’t really have to in order to understand the article, it certainly helped, knowing what those words meant.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is basically that because some people have had a notoriously hard time learning a language, we should come up with better tests to evaluate learning and then be able to define the good language learner and the characteristics that they share so that we can expand on those common characteristics, so that we all can be good language learners. It seems lie a long process when I type it, and it seems like a long and definite process when I read it, so I think it is a fairly accurate description.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author provides a lot of information to support her argument and her thesis in the form of different studies and other references that she uses. She covers topics such as, evaluating the efficiency and validity of language aptitude tests and she also discusses the information gleaned from these tests and studies. That is, what are certain characteristics that all good language learners have in common? She finds three based on these studies and names them, and then goes on in her essay to further discuss them and their significance.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references that she cites in her article, mainly to introduce her topic and elaborate on some points and to show contrasting points on her topic. She uses two main studies done that are supposed to measure language learning, a sort of language aptitude test. When addressing these two studies, she either gives further evidence to support those studies or to argue the results of the studies, using more evidence and references.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">While the article is logical, it is not always clear at times because of the nature of the language. It is a bit hard to understand at times, but it is still a valuable and informative source. She first talks about how language aptitude tests are not especially valuable because judgments of learning because of the fact that not everyone learns the same way or to the same degree of understanding, which is a very similar topic to my second source. She then mentions two studies that are studies on language aptitude tests. She evaluates the studies and then analyzes the results, coming up with a list of three strategies or variables that the good language learner seems to display. The author then goes on to discuss the good language learner and all that he/she embodies. She does this by having a third section, named “Strategies,” that is basically an in-depth review of the strategies mentioned earlier. The last section, entitled “Further Research,” sums up the strategies described by the results of the many studies that the author review in her research. It is very well-researched, as the author uses references to several different studies concerning language aptitude and it’s testing. She includes a sort of bibliography of her references at the end of her essay that is quite long, and seems very through.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I definitely feel that the topic has been thoroughly addressed because her main point was on the learning strategies that can be garnered from a good language learner and she introduces this topic once, and then goes on further to review these points and strategies two other times in her essay. She introduces them, then talks about them in more depth, and finally sums up the key points at the end of her article.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I did detect a slight author bias in favor of all that the good language learner embodies and against some of the sources that she used to demonstrate the inadequacy of language aptitude tests. Because I understand and agree with what she is saying, these slight biases do not bother me, and I don’t think that they are so great that they affect the overall paper and change the meaning of the paper because they seem like logical biases to have. And I still think that the main purpose of this article is to inform, making it an informative article, not to rant about how the author disagrees with some studies done to test language aptitude.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">This source was helpful because it showed me that sometimes I would not know exact words and understand some references, and I would have to put in a little more effort and go look them up. I have since done a lot of that extra work looking certain things up to help further my understanding of the in and outs of linguistics. More relevant to my actual topic, this article I believe gave me a good starting point to discover what a good language learner was and that there are many different strategies and situations that a person learning a language would find themselves in. using those strategies and situations as a starting point, I can look up and do further research on them to look for the most effective one, which I thin will be my main focus of study because if I know the most effective teaching and learning methods, then I can be a better language teacher, which is what I want to do in the future and is why I chose this topic in the first place. Also, I can look up some of the author’s references to see if they can be of any use to me in my research. ||﻿ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Scope and purpose of the work: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is it an informational report, overview, persuasive piece, or editorial?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Although this document was taken from a periodical, I do not believe that it is an editorial piece. The author does not show bias in terms of using possessive pronouns like “I.” She does, however, show a bias against having just one ELL program and that makes the piece more like a persuasive essay. It was also very informative, providing much detail about the different types of ELL programs available and by also providing studies to show the effectiveness of each.
 * ==Tenth Annotation:==

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Intended audience: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Lay person? Expert in the field?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I think the intended audience was the general public because the language was not as complicated as some other scholarly articles that I have read. Also, because the piece was more informative, describing the different types of ELL programs, I think the author intended to educate the general public on these different methods and then persuade them that just one method alone is not enough.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Summary: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Identify the author’s thesis. __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Show that you have read and thoroughly understand the source. What position does the author take? What is the author arguing?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author’s thesis is that since all ELL programs have different strengths and weaknesses, an appropriate program based on “what works, for whom, how, when, and why” should be the motivating factor in teaching ELLs. The author does not exactly take a position against any one of the programs, but she does say that they may not be effective and points out many weaknesses. She argues that ELL programs are all different and so are people who have different learning style, so the programs should not be based on general mandates by the school and government, but on what each individual person needs.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What are the main arguments? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What information does the author provide to support his/her thesis? What topics does he/she cover?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author mainly argues that one ELL program alone is not enough or effective and she uses several references to support her argument. She covers 5 different teaching methods in her article, first by describing them and then she compares and contrasts them with each other and the results of her findings in her research.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evidence? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What evidence (research, facts, information) does the author provide in support of his/her arguments? What evidence does the author provide that supports your arguments?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author uses many references, 25 of them, in her essay to support her argument. Most seem to be the results of studies done in different classrooms with different programs. While these effectively support her argument, one must take into account that these studies were done in different classrooms with different children and used different programs. Because there is no constant, the key word when describing her use of evidence is “different,” meaning that the effectiveness of the sources cannot be fully realized because they all hold different factors that could have made the study less effective or more effective depending on the situation, and because those situations are all different, it is not always effective to compare the different findings of the studies. As of right now, I do not have an exact argument formed, so I am using this article informatively, and it did give me good ideas for starting points on arguments by researching the different teaching methods.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of research: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Is the work logical, clear, well- researched?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The work is well-researched, as proven by her use of 25 reference sources and her arrangement of her essay is logical, as it introduces her topic, describes the different methods, then evaluates the methods, and then concludes. It seems to be well thought out and gives the reader a clear path to follow when reading, which helps the reader make sense of the essay and makes it easier for the reader to understand.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of scope: __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //Has the topic been adequately addressed?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I feel that the topic has been adequately addressed. She talked about each method in detail by defining and sometimes giving examples to show what she means. She talked about actual classes and the results of studies done in schools. She also goes into more detail when comparing and contrasting them, something which I found to be very effective in her essay.

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Evaluation of author bias: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Does the author take an objective stance, or is he/she motivated to argue a certain point? // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The author is definitely not objective and holds a bias against using just one method of teaching ELL students. She argues this point very well in her essay by repeatedly stating that just one method of teaching is not adequate and she further proves this point using evidence taken from different studies and by comparing and contrasting the different methods and her findings on each.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reflection: ** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Is the source helpful to your research? __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //What did you learn from this source? What evidence does the source provide to support your argument? How did the information in this source help you develop your argument?// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The source was helpful because it gave me a good starting point for my research on different teaching methods because she named quite a few methods. It was also helpful that she defined them and described them in such detail. She also used a lot of sources that might be worthwhile to check out. Also, I know that at a later time I have to take a stance on my topic, so I figure after I do more research, I can either agree or disagree with her findings and use this essay as a comparable source to my own research and stance on ELL education. ||